A study of machine translation for Vietnamese and Korean on the TED Talks 2020 corpus

Vietnam has achieved impressive economic growth in the last two decades. It becomes a worth investing country in the area. Consequently, the need of understanding foreign investors from different countries (S. Korea in specific) is an essential issue. Therefore, building an automatic machine translation system with high precision is a necessary solution, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where keeping distance is the best way to avoid spreading the virus. As a result, this research presents some experimental results on the TED Talks 2020 dataset for the task Korean - Vietnamese and Vietnamese - Korean machine translation with the purpose of providing an overview of the dataset and a deep learning machine translation model for the problem. © 2022 IEEE.

Viral exanthems Unravelling viral rashes

Common causes of viral exanthems in Australia include herpesviruses, enteroviruses, parvovirus B19, varicella, measles and rubella viruses and mosquito-borne alphaviruses. The cause can often be diagnosed clinically from the rash distribution and morphology, confirmed only when necessary with serological or PCR tests. Most viral exanthems are self-limiting, requiring supportive care alone.

JomNFC: Zero Effort Intelligent Access System

Multiple unfortunate accidents in hotels ranging from theft to crimes due to unsupervised access. This paper aims to implement a smart hotel access system based on high-security attributes using the NFC Host-Card Emulation application for authentication in hotels to replace the traditional access ways. Analysis of the technologies and market were made to enlarge the knowledge and benefits of the proposed application. A mixed-mode evaluation was introduced based on surveys and interviews in two different geographical areas. The proposed system is an anti-contagious and contactless technology of smartphone applications for a convenient safe visit. The highest positive responses regarding cost-effectiveness were from Le Quadri hotel oppositely Four Seasons Hotel had larger positive responses in regards the contactless technology. Moreover, both locations had the same average of 95% positive comments given the competency and trust the application provided for eliminating contagiousness of covid-19. © 2021 IEEE.

Clinical outcomes in Pemphigoid and Pemphigus patients with COVID-19

Pemphigoid and Pemphigus are both blistering autoimmune skin diseases that can have systemic manifestations. Little information exists on the outcomes of COVID patients with these blistering diseases, so the goal was to investigate the impact of both on COVID outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was done using TriNetX, a federated real time database of 63 million records. COVID patient cohorts were identified by validated ICD-10 and serology codes per CDC guidelines from 1/20/2020 to 2/5/2021. A 1:1 matched propensity score analysis was conducted, adjusting for comorbidities and demographics, to calculate adjusted Risk Ratios (aRR) with 95% CI. 30-day COVID outcomes were examined with severe COVID being defined as a composite of mortality and ventilation. Subgroup analyses were also performed for pemphigoid and pemphigus patients on systemic immunosuppressants. In a matched sample of 260 patients in each cohort, there was no significant difference between pemphigus/pemphigoid-COVID patients and non-pemphigus/pemphigoid COVID patients in hospitalization (1.1[0.85-1.43]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1.1[0.47-2.5]), mechanical ventilation (1.64[0.8-3.4]), mortality (1.75[0.9-3.5]), and severe COVID (1.53[0.9-2.7]) but pemphigus/pemphigoid patients were at a higher risk for sepsis (1.87[1.1-3.4]). Subgroup analysis revealed that pemphigus/pemphigoid-COVID patients with a one-year history of immunosuppressants had no difference in complication risk compared to pemphigus/pemphigoid-COVID patients without one year history of immunosuppressants. Overall pemphigus/pemphigoid-COVID patients are not at higher risks for severe COVID complications compared to COVID patients without pemphigus/pemphigoid. History of systemic Immunosuppressants also do not increase complication risk in pemphigus/pemphigoid patients. Additional research is needed to examine the long term impacts.

COVID-19 complications in patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A multicenter study

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that causes abscesses in intertriginous areas and is also associated with numerous other conditions. There is limited literature on the outcomes of COVID patients with HS so the goal was to investigate the impact of AD on COVID outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was done using TriNetX, a federated real time database of 63 million records. COVID patient cohorts were identified by validated ICD-10 and serology codes per CDC guidelines from 1/20/2020 to 2/23/2021. A 1:1 matched propensity score analysis was conducted, adjusting for comorbidities and demographics, to calculate adjusted Risk Ratios (aRR) with 95% CI. 30-day COVID complications were examined with severe COVID being defined as a composite of mortality and ventilation. Subgroup analyses were also performed for HS patients on systemic antibiotics. In a matched sample of 2004 patients in each cohort, there was no statistically significant difference between HS-COVID patients and non-HS COVID patients in hospitalization (0.93[0.8-1.1]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1.31 [0.8-2.2]), mechanical ventilation (1.06 [0.7-1.6]), mortality (1.00 [0.6-1.8]), and severe COVID (1.07 [0.8-1.5]) but there was a difference in sepsis (1.37 [1.0-1.9]). Subgroup analysis revealed that HS-COVID patients with a one-year history of systemic antibiotic use were at a higher risk for hospitalization (1.27 [1.01-1.6]) compared to HS-COVID patients without one-year history of systemic antibiotics wheras all other outcomes assessed had no differences. HS-COVID patients are not at higher risk for more severe COVID outcomes compared to COVID patients without HS. However, HS patients with a history of systemic antibiotics are at a higher risk for hospitalization compared to HS patients without a history of systemic antibiotics. Further studies are warranted to visit the longer-term impacts of COVID on HS patients.

Ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19 and racial outcome disparity in North America

Introduction: Underlying biological, genetic, or epigenetic characteristics may predispose to health differences and outcomes with COVID-19 associated stroke. Social determinants of health, access and geographical differences pertaining both to population density and other location-based factors may also be important. Methods: We report 69 cases of acute stroke in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2, in a dichotomized analysis of ischemic stroke outcomes between patients of African American background versus all other backgrounds. All patients presented to 14 major hospitals in the United States and Canada, from March 14-April 14, 2020. All patients had nasopharyngeal swab samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on qualitative RT-PCR assays. Results: We found no significant difference in age (64.4 versus 62.9 years) or the proportion of females (51.9% versus 38.1%) (table 1). Diabetes mellitus was present significantly less in African American cases versus others (37% vs. 66.7%). The African American cohort had a similar mean NIHSS score of 16.3 compared with 14.9 in other races (p=0.63). The door-to-CT time was also similar (23 versus 19 minutes). The proportion of patients presenting with a large vessel occlusion was not significantly different (40.7% versus 47%). We noted 14.8% of African American cases received intravenous tPA compared to 31% in other races but was not significantly different. The proportion of thrombectomy cases mirrored this (14.8% versus 31%). Regarding stroke functional outcomes, there was no difference between African Americans and other races with respect to discharge mRS or proportion of favorable outcome (mRS 0-2). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was significantly higher for African Americans (11.1% versus 3%, p<0.001).Mortality was significantly higher in African Americans compared to other races (51.9% vs. 28.6%,p=0.03). Discussion: The reasons for increased mortality in African Americans with COVID-19-associatedstroke are unknown. The finding in this study that mortality rate of COVID-19 positive stroke patientsis greater than that previously reported in either COVID-19 respiratory infection alone or acuteischemic stroke alone, suggests an interaction that also warrants further study.

LB-003 Ischemic stroke associated with covid-19 and racial outcome disparity in North America

IntroductionThere has been limited evidence on the influence of racial background in stroke outcomes in COVID-19. Underlying biological, genetic, or epigenetic characteristics may predispose to health differences and outcomes. Social determinants of health, access and geographical differences pertaining both to population density and other location-based factors may also be important.MethodsWe report 69 cases of acute stroke in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 27 of African American background and 42 of other racial backgrounds, including Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian. All patients presented to 14 major hospitals in the United States and Canada, from March 14-April 14, 2020. All patients had nasopharyngeal swab samples that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on qualitative RT-PCR assays. We present a dichotomized analysis of ischemic stroke outcomes between patients of African American background as reported on hospital intake questionnaire versus all other backgrounds.ResultsComparison between Caucasian, Hispanic and Asian backgrounds did not show disparities in stroke outcomes. We found no significant difference in age (64.4 versus 62.9 years) or the proportion of females (51.9% versus 38.1%) (table 1). Diabetes mellitus was present significantly less in African American cases versus others (37% vs. 66.7%). No significant difference between groups was found regarding other comorbidities including smoking, atrial fibrillation, prior anticoagulation, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease, or chronic kidney disease. With respect to presenting SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, we found no difference in exposure history, asymptomatic cases, fever, cough, dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, chills, malaise, or lethargy. The African American cohort had a similar mean NIHSS score of 16.3 compared with 14.9 in other races (p=0.63). The door-to-CT time was also similar (23 versus 19 minutes). The proportion of patients presenting with a large vessel occlusion was not significantly different (40.7% versus 47%). We noted 14.8% of African American cases received intravenous tPA compared to 31% in other races, but this was not significantly different in this sample. The proportion of thrombectomy cases mirrored this (14.8% versus 31%). Laboratory findings were not significantly different between African Americans and all others. Regarding stroke functional outcomes, there was no difference between African Americans and other races in terms of discharge mRS (p=0.27). For mRS 0–2, there was no significant difference noted (14.8% versus 16.7%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was significantly higher for African Americans (11.1% versus 3%, p0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in African Americans compared to other races (51.9% vs. 28.6%, p=0.03).DiscussionOur preliminary data suggest that there may be a mortality difference amongst stroke patients of African American background afflicted with COVID-19. The reasons for increased mortality in African Americans with COVID-19-associated stroke are unknown. Racial disparities in case counts and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic have been highlighted, particularly regarding African American communities. In addition, the finding in this study that mortality rate of COVID-19 positive stroke patients is greater than that previously reported in either COVID-19 respiratory infection alone or acute ischemic stroke alone, suggests an interaction that also warrants further study.DisclosuresA. Dmytriw: None. K. Phan: None. C. Schirmer: None. F. Settecase: None. M. Heran: None. A. Efendizade: None. A. Kuhn: None. A. Puri: None. B. Menon: None. M. Dibas: None. S. Sivakumar: None. A. Mowla: None. L. Leung: None. A. Malek: None. B. Voetsch: None. S. Segal: None. A. Wakhloo: None. H. Wu: None. A. Xavier: None. A. Tiwari: None.